The bonobo, a globally endangered great ape, along with numerous other wildlife species, is under increasing threat due to habitat loss, road construction, and hunting. The Maringa-Lopori-Wamba landscape in the Democratic Republic of Congo shelters some of the last remaining populations of bonobos as well as growing numbers of impoverished Africans. I plan to examine the mechanism by which forest fragmentation and hunting pressure affects bonobo and other wildlife populations in order to develop a predictive population model that empowers communities to sustainably manage bonobo habitat in balance with human needs. I will design and implement a monitoring scheme to estimate the relative abundance of bonobos, diurnal monkeys and large mammals (e.g. ungulates, carnivores) in fragmented and intact forests and in areas of varying hunting pressure. The design will integrate traditional wildlife monitoring methods (e.g. line-intercept track counts) with newer approaches (e.g. distance methods, Buckland 2001) to wildlife detection and density estimation. I plan to characterize levels of forest fragmentation through analysis of satellite imagery and develop an index of hunting pressure based on surveys of villagers and bushmeat markets. Upon returning to the US, I will use the data I collect to create and test a model that estimates how relative abundance of a given species (particularly bonobos) changes in response to varying levels of forest perforation and hunting pressure.